Aristotle - in short
Aristotle is a huge influence on how we think about thinking in the "Western World." Like many philosophers of his era, his writings go far beyond what we now classify as "philosophy" into things we might now call science and the arts. It's also the case that his thinking about thinking (like many modern philosophers) delves deep into areas which are important but too abstract for the Mind Atelier project (at least for now).
For now, we will focus on three ideas which are not his alone, but are mostly thought of in connection with him: deduction, induction and analogy.